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Transformation of Sentences – Affirmative to Negative সহ সকল Sentence গুলোর পরিবর্তনের নিয়মাবলী নিয়ে আমরা আলোচনা করবো।
Transformation of Sentences
Affirmative to Negative:
Rule 1: Only বা alone এর পরিবর্তে উত্তর বাক্যের শুরুতে None but বসে। আর কোন পরিবর্তন হয়না।
Affirmative: Only he can play good cricket.
Negative: None but he can play good cricket.
Affirmative: Only science students can apply for
the post.
Negative: None but the science students can apply for
the post.
Affirmative: Only they can do the work.
Negative: None but they can do the work.
Note: বস্তুর ক্ষেত্রে only এর পরিবর্তে nothing but বসে। তবে বয়সের ক্ষেত্রে বা সংখ্যার ক্ষেত্রে only এর পরিবর্তে not more than বসে।
Affirmative: He is only four.
Negative: He is not more than four.
Affirmative: They have only two cars. Negative: They have not more than two cars.
Rule 2: Affirmative sentence must negative এ must এর পরিবর্তে can not but / can not help বসে। তবে can not help এর পরে যে verb থাকে তার সাথে ing যুক্ত করতে হয়।
Affirmative: You must yield to your fate.
Negative: You can not but yield to your fate.
Affirmative: We must obey our parents.
Negative: We can not but obey our parents.
Affirmative: You must care for them.
Negative: You can not help caring for them.
Rule 3: Every কে Negative করতে হলে Every এর পরিবর্তে There is no বসে + every এর পরের শব্দটি বসে + but প্রদত্ত sentence এর বাকী অংশ।
Affirmative: Everyone hates a terrorist.
Negative: There is no one but hates a terrorist.
Affirmative: Everybody fears a lion.
Negative: There is nobody but hates a liar.
Rule 4: As soon as যুক্ত sentence কে Negative করতে হলে As soon as এর জায়গায় no sooner had বসবে প্রদত্ত Sentence এর কর্তা বসে সে Sentence এর মূল verb এর past participle form বসে সে sentence বাকী অংশ বসে + than দ্বিতীয় বাক্য বসে।
Affirmative: As soon as he saw the tiger, he ran away.
Negative: No sooner had he seen the Tiger than he ran away.
Affirmative: No sooner had the boy seen the police, he ran away.
Negative: As soon as the boy seen the police than he ran away.
Rule 5: Affirmative sentence কে Negative করার সময় উক্ত sentence এর Affirmative শব্দটির Negative রূপ বসাতে হয়। এবং উক্ত Negative এর পূর্বে not বসাতে হয়। বাকী সব থিক থাকে।
Affirmative: He is a good man.
Negative: He is not a bad man.
Affirmative: Rakib is an honest boy.
Negative: Rakib is not a dishonest boy.
Affirmative: This was an extra-ordinary ship.
Negative: This was not an ordinary ship.
Rule 6: Always Affirmative sentence Negative Always এর পরিবর্তে never বসে। Affirmative শব্দটির Negative রূপ বসাতে হয়।
Affirmative: He was always punctual.
Negative: He was never late. Affirmative: I always tell truth.
Negative: No other city in Bangladesh is as big as Dhaka.
Rule 9: Than যুক্ত comparative degree কে Negative করতে হলে – Than এর শেষের অংশ প্রথমে বসে + verb (tense ও person pi sit)+not+so/as + comparative degree positive form as 2 sentence 4 subject.
Affirmative: He is stronger than you.
Negative: You are not so strong as him.
Affirmative: I am taller than you.
Negative: You are not as tall as me.
Rule 10: As….as যুক্ত positive degree কে Negative করতে হলে প্রথম as এর পরিবর্তে not less শেষ as এর পরিবর্তে than বসে।
Affirmative: Robi and Rahat were as strong as Rakib.
Negative: Robi and Rahat were not less strong than Rakib.
Affirmative: He is as good as you.
Negative: He is not less good than you.
Rule 11: Less… than যুক্ত sentence কে Negative করতে হলে – Less এর জায়গায় not as বসবে এবং than এর জায়গায় as বসবে। Affirmative: He is less ugly than you said.
Negative: He is not as ugly as you said.
Affirmative: You are less good than he said.
Negative: You are not as good as he said.
Rule 12:Too….. to যুক্ত sentence কে Negative করতে হলে – Too এর জায়গায় so বসে + Too এর পরের adjective / adverb overline dG +th বসে + পনুরায় subject বসে। tense অনুযায়ী can not / could not + প্রদত্ত to এর পরের অংশ বসে।
Affirmative: He is too weak to walk.
Negative: He is so weak that he can not walk.
Affirmative: The sum was too difficult for me to work out.
Negative: The sum was so difficult for me that I could not work out.
Assertive to interrogative
Rule 1: অর্থের পরিবর্তন না করে সাহায্যকারী verb যুক্ত Assertive sentence কে interrogative এ রুপান্তর করার সময় sentence টি যদি affirmative হয় তাহলে – Auxiliary verb n’t+ subject + বাকী + ?
Note: assertive এ will, can, shall, am থাকলে interrogative এ won’t, can’t, shan’t, ain’t বসে।
Assertive: He is in the school.
Interrogative: Isn’t he in the school?
Assertive: You can do the work.
Interrogative Can’t you do the work? Rule 2:
Auxiliary verb negative Assertive
sentence interrogative negative উঠে যায়। এবং সাহায্যকারী verb প্রথমে বসে। শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক
চিহ্ন বসে।
Assertive He is not in the school. Interrogative Is he in the school?
Assertive: I shall not go to Dhaka tomorrow.
Interrogative: Shall I go to Dhaka tomorrow?
Rule 3: Auxiliary verb Assertive sentence interrogative এ রুপান্তর করার সময় – Subject and tense don’t/ didn’t/ doesn’t + subject + verb এর base form verb এর পরের অংশ +?
Assertive: – He played good football.
Interrogative: Didn’t he play good football?
Assertive: She likes ice-cream.
Interrogative: Doesn’t she like ice-cream?
Rule 4: Assertive sentence never ever nothing থাকলে anything হয়। auxiliary verb না থাকলে Subject and tense অনুযায়ী প্রথমে আনতে হয়। শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে।
Assertive: – You never play football.
Interrogative: Do you ever play football?
Assertive: – I have nothing to do? Interrogative Have I anything to do? থাকে তাহলে nothing এর জায়গায় what বসে। Assertive Nothing can ruin him. Interrogative What can ruin him?
Note: – Assertive sentence 4 subject 4 nothing
Rule 5: Everybody/ everyone/all Assertive sentence interrogative 4 রুপান্তর করার সময় Everybody / everyone/all who + Subject and tense don’t/ didn’t/ doesn’t + verb 3 base form + verb এর পরের অংশ +? Assertive – Everybody wants to be win. Interrogative Who doesn’t wish to be win? Assertive body / A * l * l loves flowers. Interrogative Who doesn’t love flower?
Rule 6: Nobody / n * o * n * e / n * o one interrogative PRE body / n * o * n * e / n * o one এর পরিবর্তে who বসে বাকী অংশ +?
Assertive – Nobody could ever count my love for you. Interrogative Who could ever count my love for you?
Assertive: No one can beat him.
Interrogative: Who can beat him?
Exclamatory to assertive
Rule 1: Exclamatory কে Assertive এ করতে হলে subject qGCl + verb + a / a * n + very / g * r * e * a * t + adjective+ বাকী অংশ।
Exclamatory: What a nice flower it is!
Assertive It is a very nice flower. Exclamatory What a genius student he is! Assertive – He is a very genius student.
Rule 2: Hurrah যুক্ত Exclamatory কে Assertive এ করতে হলে – Hurrah it is a matter of joy + Hurrah পরের অংশ। Exclamatory – Hurrah! We have won the game.
Assertive: – It is a matter of joy that we have won the
game. Exclamatory hurrah! I got the first prize. Assertive – It is a matter of joy that I have got the first prize.
Rule 3: If দ্বারা exclamatory sentence শুরু হলে উক্ত sentence কে Assertive করার নিয়ম
Exclamatory: If I were a player!
Assertive: I wish I were a player. Exclamatory If I ldfl * y! – Assertive – I wish I could fly
Rule 4: প্রথমে had যুক্ত Exclamatory কে Assertive এ করতে হলে – Subject + wish + পুনরায় subject বসে had + বাকী অংশ। Exclamatory – Had I the pairs of birds! Assertive I wish I had the pairs of birds. Exclamatory Had I been a king! Assertive I wish I had been a king.
Rule 6: প্রথমে Alas যুক্ত Exclamatory কে Assertive এ করতে হলে – Alas 43 it is a matter of sorrow that + alas 43 পরের অংশ।
Exclamatory: – Alas! We lost the game!
Assertive: It is a matter of sorrow that we lost the game.
Exclamatory: – Alas! He failed in the examination!
Assertive: It is a matter of sorrow that he failed in the examination.
Rule 7: প্রথমে Fie যুক্ত Exclamatory কে Assertive এ করতে হলে – Fie এর পরিবর্তে it is shameful that fie এর পরের অংশ।
Exclamatory: Fie! He can not tolerate the poor.
Assertive: It is shameful that he can not tolerate the poor.
Exclamatory: – Fie! He don’t respect seniors.
Rule 8: প্রথমে Would that যুক্ত Exclamatory কে Assertive এ করতে Note adjective এর পূর্বে a থাকলে what a বসে এবং না
Assertive: – The man is very honest.
Rule 2: Assertive sentence wish Exclamatory 3 সময় শুরুতে if/had বসে।
Assertive: I wish I had the wings of a bird.
Exclamatory: Had I the wings of a bird!
Assertive: It is shameful that he doesn’t respect seniors.
প্রদত্ত subject + wish Would that এর পরের অংশ।
Exclamatory: – Would that I could be a player!
Assertive: – I wish I could be a player.
Exclamatory: – Would that I could be a child again!
Assertive: I wish I could be a child again.
Rule 9: প্রথমে o that যুক্ত Exclamatory কে Assertive এ করতে হলে Subject wisho that ORI
Exclamatory: O that you were a cricketer!
Assertive: I wish you were a cricketer.
Exclamatory: – o that i were a poet.
Assertive: I wish I were a poet.
Assertive: to Exclamatory Rule 1:
what how + adjective + subject + verb • বাকী অংশ( যদি থাকে) + ! থাকলে how বসে,
Assertive: – It is a very beautiful place.
Exclamatory: What a beautiful place it is!
Exclamatory: How honest the man is! Or, If I had the wings of a bird! Assertive I wish I were a king. – Exclamatory If I were a king!
Rule 3: Assertive sentence wish / d * e * s * I * r * e Exclamatory sentence, had, o that, oh that,ইত্যাদি বসে।
Assertive: I wish I were a player.
Exclamatory: – If I were a player!
Assertive: I desire I were young again. –
Exclamatory: – Oh that I were young again.
